The one primitive type that hasn't been covered is the array. An array contains a fixed number of items, and each item is a value of the array's element type. The array elements are individually indexed starting from zero. In comparison to the other primitive types, which are all value types, arrays are reference types. That means that variables of ......

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So, what is a primitive type? According to the Incompleteness Theorem, there will always be things in any mathematical system, and therefore any computational system, that cannot be defined using the rules of that system. These rules form the axioms of that system. For Java and C#, the axioms are the rules of the language and runtime, as defined in ......

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So, I've recently changed jobs. Rather than working in .NET land, I've migrated over to Java land. But never fear! I'll continue to peer under the covers of .NET, but my next series will use my new experience in Java to explore the design decisions made in the development of the C# programming language. After all, the design of C# was based on Java ......

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It's the bane of most programmers' lives - an unhandled exception causes your application or webapp to crash, an ugly dialog gets displayed to the user, and they come complaining to you. Then, somehow, you need to figure out what went wrong. Hopefully, you've got a log file, or some other way of reporting unhandled exceptions (obligatory employer plug: ......

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Finally, in this series, I am going to cover some of the security issues that can trip you up when using sandboxed appdomains. DISCLAIMER: I am not a security expert, and this is by no means an exhaustive list. If you actually are writing security-critical code, then get a proper security audit of your code by a professional. The examples below are ......

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You write a security-related application that allows addins to be used. These addins (as dlls) can be downloaded from anywhere, and, if allowed to run full-trust, could open a security hole in your application. So you want to restrict what the addin dlls can do, using a sandboxed appdomain, as explained in my previous posts. But there needs to be an ......

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So, how do you create partial-trust appdomains? Where do you come across them? There are two main situations in which your assembly runs as partially-trusted using the Microsoft .NET stack: Creating a CLR assembly in SQL Server with anything other than the UNSAFE permission set. The permissions available in each permission set are given here. Loading ......

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Ever since the first version of .NET, it's been possible to strictly define the actions and resources a particular assembly can use, and, using Code Access Security, permissions to perform certain actions or access certain resources can be defined and modified in code. In .NET 4, the system was completely overhauled. Today, I'll be starting a look at ......

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Portable Class Libraries were introduced with Visual Studio 2010 SP1 to aid writing libraries that could be used on many different platforms - the full .NET 4/4.5 framework, Windows Phone, Silverlight, Xbox, and Windows Store apps. You simply select which platforms and versions you want to target, then the available subset of APIs are magically available. ......

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Last year, I looked at the ThreadLocal type as it exists in .NET 4. In .NET 4.5, this type has been completely rewritten. In this post, I'll be looking at how the new ThreadLocal works in .NET 4.5. I won't be looking at all the implementation details, but concentrating on how this type works. Again, it's recommended you have the type open in a decompiler. ......

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